A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely power components, executive components, control components, auxiliary components (accessories) and hydraulic oil.
1. Power components
The function of the power element is to convert the mechanical energy of the prime mover into the pressure energy of the liquid, which refers to the oil pump in the hydraulic system, which provides power to the entire hydraulic system. The structure of hydraulic pumps generally includes gear pumps, vane pumps, plunger pumps and screw pumps.
2. Actuator
The function of the executive components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) is to convert the pressure energy of the liquid into mechanical energy, and drive the load for linear reciprocating or rotary motion.
3. Control components
Control elements (ie various hydraulic valves) control and regulate the pressure, flow and direction of the liquid in the hydraulic system. According to different control functions, hydraulic valves can be divided into pressure control valves, flow control valves and directional control valves. Pressure control valves include relief valves (safety valves), pressure reducing valves, sequence valves, pressure relays, etc.
Flow control valves include throttling valves, regulating valves, diversion and collecting valves, etc.; directional control valves include check valves, hydraulic control check valves, shuttle valves, reversing valves, etc. According to different control methods, hydraulic valves can be divided into on-off control valves, fixed value control valves and proportional control valves.
4. Auxiliary components
Auxiliary components include fuel tanks, oil filters, coolers, heaters, accumulators, oil pipes and pipe joints, sealing rings, quick-change joints, high-pressure ball valves, hose assemblies, pressure measuring joints, pressure gauges, oil level gauges, oil Thermometer etc.
5. Hydraulic oil
Hydraulic oil is the working medium that transfers energy in the hydraulic system. There are various types of mineral oil, emulsion and synthetic hydraulic oil.
The hydraulic system is composed of the above five types of components.